Working in the Dark
I recently came across an exciting, short book by the
well-regarded novelist and social commentator, Doris Lessing; Prisons
We Choose to Live Inside. This book is one you just want to buy in
bulk and hand out to everyone you know. Its’ message is clear, easy to
read, and extremely important.
The author discusses the vast amount of knowledge gained
right after WWII and The Korean War in areas of human behavior. Germany’s
terrible human rights violations provided a payload of data on human
behavior for scientists to mine, and propelled research into this area as
nothing else had ever done. The conflict in Korea brought more questions
and answering them lead to quantifiable data about techniques of
manipulation, brainwashing, and the dynamics of group behavior and
control. Research showed that our “civilized mind” is a very thin veneer
over very base instincts -- to succeed and survive, to become aroused and
view others as inferior or evil, to maim and to kill. Once these base
instincts are aroused, the newer “civilized” part of our brains just
disengages, allowing the primitive brain free reign. Via this research, we
became not only able to predict the reactions of individuals and groups
under high stress, but in almost any situation. This research had (and
has) widespread implications for all of us.
The dynamics of group pressure leading to “group think”
are as old as humankind, but proper understanding of how those dynamics
often work against us could help us maintain the freedom of choice we so
highly value. Ms. Lessing specifically notes how this vast store of
knowledge is still not being used, except by those who seek to manipulate
others for their own ends; “professionals” in the military or policing
agencies, advertising agencies, religious leaders and politicians. She
notes, “The first thing a political candidate does is hire a public
relations firm.” Speechwriters are necessary, people who understand how to
excite our passions. They can create a hero when none exists, make us feel
proud, safe or fearful, or ignite in us a thirst for revenge.
I find this especially interesting because Doris. Lessing
published this book in 1987. The years since are filled with examples of
this power. We have corporate cultures where normally honest people keep
silent about, or participate in, criminal activity that harms thousands. Polluters whose employees keep silent while our environment is being
poisoned. Politicians tell us “God is on our side”, and other people or
nations, with different views, are not just wrong; they are against us or
worse, evil. Most of us are still vulnerable to these techniques because
we are unaware of how they operate, even though this knowledge has been
available for forty years. The author specifically noted that
future
generations will no doubt be quite mystified about the disparity between
what we knew and what we put to use.
There is a general consensus in science and medicine that
most new discoveries take at least twenty years to become commonly known
and widely accepted. Scientific studies demonstrating the harmful effects
of tobacco preceded general acceptance by forty years, fought all the way
by special interests and smokers. Our food pyramid was reconfigured more
than twenty years after experts reported that such high carbohydrate
consumption was a likely cause of obesity that precipitated illness.
As troubling as the normal curve of dispersion may be,
Ms Lessing predicted that the specific behavioral knowledge she was
writing about would not (perhaps ever) become part of our educational
system or widely disseminated to the general public. Although it holds
tremendous value for safeguarding our freedoms and our ability to freely
choose in matters great and small, she stated that those who seek to use
this knowledge to further their own causes would not want us to be able to
identify the strategies through which we are being manipulated.
The
ensuing years have shown this to be true.
We must attempt to discern the truth as best we can.
Understanding the pressures brought to bear on us by our group
affiliations, be they familial, cultural, religious, political or
national, is necessary if we are to even approach objectivity. We may
decide we agree with group ideals, and freely choose to accept them, but
the point is we should know we have a choice. Once we understand
the dynamics of groups, we can better prepare ourselves, and our children,
for what to expect in various situations. This ability has universal
implications.
We wonder how some world leaders get their followers to do
the most horrible, inhumane things; unspeakable brutality, genocide,
suicide bombings. We wonder because we have not learned and understood the
science of human behavior and how behavior can be shaped. We are being
shaped and changed too, but we are as unaware of it as others. Becoming
aware is the first step in change. Once aware, we can rationally
choose; “ to go along” or to speak out, choose to follow our own conscience,
to offer alternative action, to understand the mind-set of the “other”.
The future of our families, our nation, our world, depend upon a
population that understands and resists the easy avenue of conformity.
Democracy, the ideals of freedom, is trampled when those who question our
leaders are accused of lacking patriotism. What are we about, if not the
freedom to question and debate the merits of the issues? What are we
fighting to keep, if not freedom of thought and speech? We must protect
this freedom for ourselves and respect it in others. We must educate
ourselves, step outside the box. Examine issues from a different, more
objective perspective, and then make choices based on informed consent. In
other words, read the book.